Energy Demand with Declining Rate Schedules: An Econometric Model for the U.S. Commercial Sector
利用商业建筑能源消耗调查数据，构建了商业建筑用电和天然气需求的计量模型，将递减费率近似为向下倾斜函数，并纳入边际价格、温度及建筑特征，发现使用内生边际价格而非外生平均价格对价格弹性的影响很大。
<i>We specify and estimate a model of the demand for electricity and natural gas in commercial buildings using data from the Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey. Although not observed, declining rate schedules are approximated by a downward sloping function fitted to billing data for individual survey units. Marginal prices (rates), temperature variables and a large number of building characteristics are incorporated into the model as explanatory variables. Demand and rate schedule equations constitute a simultaneous system, with prices and quantities jointly determined. The effects on price elasticities of using (endogenous) marginal rather than (exogenous) average prices are estimated to be quite large.</i>