Trade Induced Technical Change? The Impact of Chinese Imports on Innovation, IT and Productivity
利用1996-2007年12个欧洲国家的面板数据，研究发现中国进口竞争促使企业增加专利、IT和全要素生产率等技术创新，并推动就业向技术先进企业转移，解释了14%的欧洲技术升级。
We examine the impact of Chinese import competition on broad measures of technical change—patenting, IT, and TFP—using new panel data across twelve European countries from 1996 to 2007. In particular, we establish that the absolute volume of innovation increases within the firms most affected by Chinese imports in their output markets. We correct for endogeneity using the removal of product-specific quotas following China's entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001. Chinese import competition led to increased technical change within firms and reallocated employment between firms towards more technologically advanced firms. These within and between effects were about equal in magnitude, and account for 14% of European technology upgrading over 2000–7 (and even more when we allow for offshoring to China). Rising Chinese import competition also led to falls in employment and the share of unskilled workers. In contrast to low-wage nations like China, developed countries had no significant effect on innovation. \n \n