THE EFFECTS OF HIV MEDICATIONS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF OLDER ADULTS IN NEW YORK CITY
研究了抗逆转录病毒药物对纽约市老年HIV感染者生活质量的多重影响，发现药物通过减轻抑郁间接提升生活质量，但直接副作用和反向效应会部分抵消这一效果。
A three-equation model is used to estimate the multiple effects of antiretroviral medications (ARVs) on the quality of life (QoL) of the elderly with HIV in New York City. The transmission mechanism involves the ARVs having a direct effect on QoL via the side effects of the medications and two other effects (one indirect and one reverse) both working through feelings of depression. On a scale of 0 to 100, ARVs raise the QoL by 1 percentage point. This was because there was a large positive indirect effect of ARVs on QoL of 28 percentage points via the reduction in depression, which offsets both the 24 percentage-point reduction due to the direct effect and the 3 percentage-point decline from the reverse effect. Now, QoL effects can be applied to the additional life years generated by ARVs to form the quality adjusted life years outcome measure for use in economic evaluations of ARVs.