The Effects of Promotions on Heart Disease: Evidence from Whitehall
利用英国公务员数据，估计晋升对心脏病患病概率的影响，发现晋升可使15年内患病概率降低2.6至12.8个百分点，对政策制定者和健康研究者有参考价值。
The positive relationship between SES and health is well documented but limited evidence exists regarding the effect of an exogenous manipulation of SES on health. This article estimates the effect of promotions on heart disease using data on British civil servants from the Whitehall II study. Differences in promotion rates across departments and cohorts generate plausibly exogenous variation in promotion opportunities. The results suggest that promotions may reduce the probability of developing heart disease by 2.6–12.8 percentage points over a 15‐year period. These estimates appear robust and are several times larger than cross‐sectional estimates.