Convergence and emergence in organizations: An integrative framework and review
回顾了涌现与趋同的理论和术语，提出了一个整合框架，同时考虑低层要素的内容、涌现因素和涌现属性的目标，并指出了现有研究空白和未来方向，适合组织行为与跨层次研究学者参考。
Summary In reaction to the growing attention to connecting individual‐level and unit‐level constructs, we first briefly review emergence terminology and theories that address the dynamic process by which a higher‐level phenomenon emerges from lower‐level elements. Next, we review the extant theory and research on emergence and convergence in organization science using an organizing framework that simultaneously considers the content area of lower‐level elements, the emergent factors, and the target of the emergent property. In addition to organizing and bridging current literature on emergence and convergence, gaps of existing research and new directions for future research, including compilation and divergence, are identified. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.