COMPETITION AND CROWDING OUT IN THE MARKET FOR OUTPATIENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT*
研究了美国门诊药物滥用治疗市场中营利、非营利和公立诊所的竞争，发现公立诊所会挤出私人诊所，但在保险覆盖低、收入低或非白人成瘾者比例高的市场中，公立诊所是唯一愿意提供服务的机构。
U.S. markets for outpatient substance abuse treatment (OSAT) include for‐profit, nonprofit, and public clinics. We study OSAT provision using new methods on equilibrium market structure in differentiated product markets. This allows us to describe clinics as heterogeneous in their objectives, their responses to exogenous market characteristics, and their responses to one another. Consistent with crowding out of private treatment, we find that markets with public clinics are less likely to have private clinics. In markets with low insurance coverage, low incomes, or high shares of nonwhite addicts, however, public clinics are relatively likely to be the sole willing providers of OSAT.