Trade Liberalization and Environmental Taxation in Federal Systems
研究了联邦体系下贸易自由化对环境政策设计的影响，发现无论环境税由联邦还是地方设定，贸易自由化都会降低污染税并提高社会福利，但地方设定时减排效果更明显。
Abstract The literature on trade liberalization and environment has not yet considered federal structures. In this paper, we show how the design of environmental policy in a federal system has implications for the effects of trade reform. Trade liberalization leads to a decline in pollution taxes, regardless of whether pollution taxes are set at the federal (centralized) or local (decentralized) level, and it increases social welfare. The effect under a decentralized system is smaller than if these taxes are set by the federal government, and pollution emissions therefore decline in this case. Moreover, majority bias interacts with trade liberalization if federal taxes are used.