Structure and Governance in Industrial Districts: Implications for Competitive Advantage
整合现有工业区研究，基于协调需求和集中控制两个维度提出四种工业区原型，分析不同结构对成员企业竞争优势的影响，帮助管理者判断选址利弊。
abstract The existing research on industrial districts is fragmented, and yields conflicting advice for managers about the benefits and costs of locating in an industrial district. We resolve much of this ambiguity by synthesizing and integrating the existing research, and developing a typology of districts based on the continuous dimensions of need for coordination and centralization of control . In so doing, we elucidate why different types of industrial districts have different structures, and different competitive implications. We introduce four archetypes of industrial districts (based on extreme values of our two dimensions), and for each we discuss the benefits and costs of locating in the district, the sources of competitive advantage for members of the district vis‐à‐vis non‐members, and the sources of competitive advantage a district firm may gain over other members of the same district.