Political Heterarchy and Dispersed Entrepreneurship in the MNC
研究了跨国公司中子公司创业活动如何扩散到其他单元，发现政治异层级（子公司经理通过异层级增强权力）直接促进创业扩散，并激活公司层面的创业战略。
abstract We develop and test a new perspective on dispersed entrepreneurship within the multinational corporation (MNC). Various literatures suggest that corporate, subsidiary, and individual level factors can lead to entrepreneurial initiatives diffusing outward from a subsidiary to other MNC units. We extend this to include political heterarchy (mechanisms by which subsidiary managers enhance their power base through heterarchy) as both direct and moderating factor. Using a survey of 135 managers in a wide range of MNC subsidiaries, we find that a tolerance for local initiative (subsidiary level), subsidiary manager proactivity (individual level), and political heterarchy directly influence initiative diffusion. In terms of moderating effects, political heterarchy is seen to activate corporate level entrepreneurial strategy. We show how political heterarchy is central to dispersed entrepreneurship within the MNC and highlight the positive function of networked organizational politics in rejuvenating the international firm.