A PROCEDURE FOR SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS: INNOVATION BY LOGISTICS SERVICE PROVIDERS
提出一种用少量二手数据进行验证性和探索性研究的程序，并以德国物流服务提供商的创新活动为例，发现其创新背景与其他服务商显著不同，且创新成本更高。
This paper presents a procedure for confirmatory and exploratory research with a limited amount of secondary data. The methodology is exemplified by research on the innovation activities and performance of logistics service providers (LSPs), thereby extending the work of Wagner. A research hypothesis is derived, stating that the context of LSPs to innovation is significantly different from that of other service providers. Secondary data from the 2006–2008 Mannheim Innovation Panel, an annual survey on the innovation behavior of German firms, is assessed and found suitable to test that hypothesis. The χ2 test of independence is used to test the hypothesis. Multiple activity and performance indicators can be used as operationalizations that are later tested in parallel, with the help of the Bonferroni correction. Then, the distribution of categorical variables is recalculated, and multiple scenarios for missing values are taken into account. Empirical and critical χ2 values are computed, and the test result is aggregated. The findings indicate that the LSP context of innovation is indeed significantly different from that of other service providers. Those differences are then analyzed and interpreted. The results show that innovators among LSPs appear to have similar innovation benefits to non-LSPs, while for LSPs, innovation appears to be more costly. This could explain the lower share of innovation-active LSPs. The paper concludes by discussing the limitations of the methodology, and of the content-related findings.