Trust in Transitions
研究了在波兰和俄罗斯等大规模社会经济转型背景下，关系信任与普遍信任之间的关联，指出可靠公正的制度对经济交易更重要，但关系信任在制度薄弱时起关键作用。
Summary In this article we examine the link between relational trust and general trust in the context of large‐scale social and economic transformations such as those that have occurred in P oland and R ussia. We argue that trust plays an important role in interpersonal relationships, but in more impersonal dealings, as in economic life, reliable and impartial institutions that create binding rules and ensure their enforcement are more important. These provide a stable framework for exchange and make it safe for people to take risks involving others they do not know directly. Relational trust, however, may be critical in situations in which institutions are weak or corrupt. And, even if economic relationships are constrained by carefully devised contracts, there remains residual uncertainty that can be resolved only by relying on trust.. If networks involving trust relationships are the dominant means for engaging in exchange, however, exchange is limited to those whom one knows personally or is linked to through close ties, and opportunities for broader exchange are constrained, which may retard the transition to a more open economy.