Schumpeterian patterns of innovation
利用1968-1986年德国、法国、英国和意大利的专利数据，发现不同技术类别的创新模式存在系统性差异，但同一技术类别在不同国家间表现出显著相似性，表明技术因素对创新模式起主导作用。
Using patent data for four countries (Germany, France, United Kingdom and Italy) for the period 1968–1986, the authors find that the patterns of innovative activities differ systematically across technological classes, while remarkable similarities emerge across countries in the patterns of innovative activities for each technological class. This result strongly suggests that ‘technological imperatives’ and technology-specific factors (closely linked to technological regimes) play a major role in determining the patterns of innovative activities across countries.