The transfer problem: A complete characterization
研究了捐赠国在向另一国转移资源后自身福利可能改善的转移问题，证明在任意商品数量下，转移问题存在的充要条件是均衡的指数值为-1，从而证实了萨缪尔森猜想。
The transfer problem is defined by the possibility for a donor country to end up better off after having given away some resources to another country. The simplest version of that problem can be formulated in a two consumer exchange economy with fixed total resources. Existence of a transfer problem at some equilibrium is known to be equivalent to instability in the case of two goods. This characterization is extended to an arbitrary number of goods by showing that a transfer problem exists at a (regular) equilibrium if and only if this equilibrium has an index value equal to -1. Samuelson's conjecture that there is no transfer problem at tatonnement stable equilibria is therefore true for any number of goods.