Inadequate Bivariate Measures of Health Inequality: The Impact of Income Distribution*
论文指出健康不平等的双变量测度受健康和收入两个变量变化的影响，报告的健康不平等增加可能只是收入不平等降低，尤其在健康影响收入的因果方向下问题更突出。
Abstract Bivariate measures of health inequality are influenced by changes in two variables: health and a socioeconomic variable, such as income. For these measures, what is reported as an increase in health inequality might just as well be a reduction in income inequality. In particular, several papers have found that socioeconomic health inequalities in Nordic countries are no less than in other European countries. The correct interpretation could just be that income inequality is no higher in Nordic countries than in the rest of Europe. The problem is especially profound when the causality is running from health to income.