Working Women Worldwide. Age Effects in Female Labor Force Participation in 117 Countries
研究了117个国家中经济条件、家庭、教育和性别观念对11个年龄段女性劳动参与率的影响，发现年轻和年长女性参与率受经济因素影响，而25-55岁女性参与率更多取决于家庭和性别观念。
In this article, we investigate the effects of economic conditions, families, education, and gender ideologies on the labor force participation rates of women in eleven age groups in 117 countries. We find that participation rates of young and older women are partly explained by sector sizes and the level of economic development. However, to explain the labor force participation rates of women between 25 and 55 years, we need to study families and gender ideologies. We find these women are more likely to participate when paid maternity leave schemes exist, enrollment in pre-primary education is higher, and countries are less religious.