The Generalized Theory of Transfers and Welfare: Bilateral Transfers in a Multilateral World
证明，在市场稳定条件下，来自国外的贫困化转移（及其对称的致富转移）只有在经济存在扭曲时才会发生。
We demonstrate that the phenomenon of immiserizing transfers from abroad (and the analytically symmetric phenomenon of enriching transfer payments) in the presence of market stability can arise only if there is a distortion characterizing the economy in question.