Vertical integration in Franchise systems: Agency theory and resource explanations
研究了128个零售特许经营体系的所有权策略，发现特许人的所有权策略比以往认知更多样，单一代理或资源稀缺理论无法完全解释，并提出了结合两者的路径模型。
Abstract The ownership strategies of 128 retail franchising systems are examined in the light of existing agency and resource scarcity explanations of this organizational form. Findings suggest that franchiser ownership strategies are more heterogeneous than previously recognized, and that neither explanation, alone accounts for observed ownership patterns. A path model of franchiser ownership patterns embodying agency and resource scarcity elements is developed that is consistent with empirical findings.