Social Accountability: What Does the Evidence Really Say?
这篇元分析重新审视社会问责举措的实证证据，区分战术性与战略性方法，发现仅靠信息难以推动集体行动和影响政府，而结合国家能力与公民声音的“夹心策略”更有效。
Empirical evidence of tangible impacts of social accountability initiatives is mixed. This meta-analysis reinterprets evaluations through a new lens: the distinction between tactical and strategic approaches to the promotion of citizen voice to contribute to improved public sector performance. Field experiments study bounded, tactical interventions based on optimistic assumptions about the power of information alone, both to motivate collective action and to influence the state. Enabling environments for collective action combined with bolstered state capacity to respond to citizen voice are more promising. Sandwich strategies can help ‘voice’ and ‘teeth’ to become mutually empowering, through state–society synergy.