Examining the Team/Leader Interface
提出棒球队可作为后现代组织的范例，研究其团队与领导者接口可类比其他后现代组织；传统领导理论可能不适用，需建立新模型，通过仪式化行为、变革型领导和管理自主-依赖辩证关系来领导。
The authors propose that baseball teams serve as exemplars of postmodern organizations, such that studying the team/leader interface on baseball teams would be analogous to studying these relationships in other postmodern organizations. Furthermore, the authors argue that traditional leadership theories (for example, contingent rewards) may not apply to postmodern organizations nor may theories that rely on the development of long-term relationships between superiors and subordinates (for example, vertical dyad linkages). Rather, the authors propose a new model of leadership that responds to the needs of postmodern organizations, wherein leaders perform leadership through ritualized behavior, engage in transformational leadership, and effectively manage the autonomy-interdependence dialectic.