Shocks, Coping, and Outcomes for Pakistan's Poor: Health Risks Predominate
基于巴基斯坦家庭调查数据，研究发现健康等个体冲击在频率、成本和负面影响上均占主导，家庭缺乏有效应对手段，导致粮食不安全、债务和童工等问题，现有社会安全网保护不足。
Abstract Reporting the results of a novel survey of shocks, coping, outcomes, and safety nets in Pakistan, we find high incidence and cost of shocks borne by households, with health and other idiosyncratic shocks dominating in frequency, costliness, and adversity. Sample households lack effective coping options and use mostly self-insurance and informal credit. Many shocks result in food insecurity, informal debts, child and bonded labour, and recovery is slow. Private and public social safety nets exist but offer little effective protection. Public action is needed to better control public health hazards and provide non-exploitative credit and more effective safety nets.