Managerial strategies in canning industries: A case study of early twentieth century Portugal
研究了20世纪初葡萄牙罐头行业的进入壁垒，发现原材料供应不稳定是主要挑战，技术、品牌、产品差异化和质量等因素对进入壁垒有矛盾影响，部分外国企业迁至葡萄牙，为全球化历史背景下的产业研究提供了案例。
The paper discusses entry barriers in the Portuguese canning industries in the early twentieth century. The most important challenge facing the canning industries was a dependence on unsteady supply of raw material. The available technology, branding trademarks, product differentiation and product quality, versus abundance or scarcity of resources to be used as inputs and international trade presented contradictory effects on entry barriers. Deterrence was inefficient, some foreign firms delocalised to Portugal, and the sector is an interesting case-study in the historical context of globalisation.