From Common to Uncommon Knowledge: Foundations of Firm-Specific Use of Knowledge as a Resource
研究高层管理者对知识的信念、知识搜索方式以及实践中如何使用知识，将公共知识转化为独特知识以获得竞争优势，并提出了扫描主动性和知识适应、知识增强等新概念。
Although the knowledge-based view of strategy has significantly advanced understanding of the foundations of competitive advantage, less is known about how knowledge becomes a strategic resource. In this study, we develop an inductive, process model of the relationships among (1) top managers' beliefs about knowledge as a resource (termed executive knowledge schemes), (2) the ways that executives search or scan for knowledge, and (3) how they use that knowledge in practice to transform common knowledge into distinctive, uncommon knowledge as a way of achieving competitive advantage. In the course of generating the grounded model, we also uncovered a new concept, scanning proactiveness, and identified two distinct forms of knowledge use in practice: knowledge adaptation and knowledge augmentation.