Oligopolistic Competition, Product Variety, Entry Deterrence, and Technology Transfer
构建了一个产品多样性模型，分析实际和潜在市场参与者之间的竞争如何决定产品特性，并考察市场规模、进入壁垒和消费者品味差异对产品种类、福利和收入分配的影响，同时探讨拥有先进技术的企业向其他生产者出售该技术的动机。
* This article develops a model of product variety to examine how competition among actual and potential market participants determines product characteristics. The model is used to consider the effects of market size, barriers to entry, and differences in tastes between different groups of consumers on the configuration of product types produced, welfare, and distribution of income. The incentive for a firm with a superior technology to sell that technology to other actual and potential producers is also analyzed. Equilibrium is the outcome of a two-stage process. In the first stage firms commit themselves to producing a particular model of a commodity; they do so sequentially. In the second stage firms that have entered determine prices and outputs, given the set of firms that entered initially and the models they established. We assume perfection in the sense that actual and potential producers make their entry and model choice decisions by calculating correctly the effects of their actions on the second-stage outcome.' In characterizing equilibrium as the outcome of a two-stage process with sequential entry at the first stage, we follow Prescott and Visscher (1977), Eaton and Lipsey (1978), and Lane (1980). The first two articles do not provide a complete characterization of the second stage of