Planning as Strategy in Nonprofit Organizations: An Exploratory Study
探索性研究考察了两类非营利组织（服务智障者和表演艺术领域）在两地采用的正式规划过程，发现其规划类型与资金环境相关，且受预算规模、董事会职能及与其他管理者互动等内外因素影响。
This exploratory study examines formal planning processes in two different nonprofit organizations, those serving the mentally retarded and those in the performing arts, in two distinct geographical areas. Significant differences existed in the major types of Planning pro cesses employed by these nonprofits that seemed to relate to the nature of their funding environments. Important internal and exter nal factors influenced whether these forty-four nonprofits adopted plans for such matters as the size of the organization's budget, the primary function of its board of directors, and interaction with other local nonprofit managers engaged in formal planning. Differences in the extent of planning behavior between the two geographical areas suggests that local structures that support professional manage rial practices influence the diffusion of such practices.