Does Female Reservation Affect Long-Term Political Outcomes? Evidence from Rural India
利用印度全国15年数据，研究女性政治预留席位对领导者素质、服务提供、政治参与和公共品贡献的长期影响，发现虽短期降低领导者质量，但长期提升女性参与和问责能力。
Although many studies have explored the \n impacts of political quotas for females, often with \n ambiguous results, the underlying mechanisms and long-term \n effects have received little attention. This paper uses \n nation-wide data from India spanning a 15-year period to \n explore how reservations affect leader qualifications, \n service delivery, political participation, local \n accountability, and individuals willingness to contribute \n to public goods. Although leader quality declines and \n impacts on service quality are often negative, gender quotas \n are shown to increase the level and quality of women's \n political participation, the ability to hold leaders to \n account, and the willingness to contribute to public goods. \n Key effects persist beyond the reserved period and impacts \n on females often materialize only with a lag.