Expertness Diversity and Interpersonal Helping in Teams: Why those who Need the Most Help End Up Getting the Least
研究团队中成员专长水平差异（专长多样性）如何影响内部帮助行为，发现成员更倾向于帮助被视为更专业的人，导致最需要帮助者反而获得最少帮助，并损害团队绩效。
This article develops and tests a multilevel theory of the intragroup dynamics and performance outcomes associated with diversity in levels of member expertise—“expertness diversity”—in task-oriented teams. Drawing from theories of power and dependence, we argue that in groups where members differ in their perceived expertness, members will be more committed to and more likely to help those seen as more expert, a dynamic that frustrates intragroup learning and compromises group performance. These hypotheses were strongly supported in a multiperiod, multilevel analysis of social relations and performance outcomes in a sample of student research teams.