Development Indicators and the Historical Study of Human Welfare: Towards a New Perspective
基于第三世界早期工业化对福利影响的实证证据，提出历史福利研究应减少对物质生活水平的侧重，更系统地分析分配和生活质量指标，以推动历史学与发展研究的对话。
Empirical evidence from the Third World on the impact of early industrialization on welfare has produced new ideas on relations between growth, distribution, and the quality of life. Historical welfare must also be reassessed with less emphasis on material living standards. Distribution should be more systematically analyzed, and quality of life indicators considered. By adopting the approach, historians will revitalize old debates and make these more relevant to issues in modern development studies. Historians also need to investigate welfare themes in recent and comparative history to a greater extent than hitherto, which requires closer integration between economic, social, and political history.