Urban Disamenities, Dark Satanic Mills, and the British Standard of Living Debate
研究19世纪英国工人迁移到城市时面临的不便利的经济成本，发现这些成本对城市名义工资差异和工业革命期间工资上涨的影响微不足道。
What were the economic costs of the disamenities that the British worker incurred when migrating to the city in the last century? How important were these costs in accounting for the higher nominal wages for unskilled work in the cities? How much of the rise in wages during the Industrial Revolution might therefore be spurious mismeasurement? This paper supplies some answers. Like the results on mid-twentieth-century growth by contemporary economists, the nineteenth-century estimates also suggest the disamenities' effects to be trivial.