Accounting for Heterogeneity, Diversity and General Equilibrium in Evaluating Social Programmes
探讨了在现代福利国家中评估社会项目的不同标准，强调个体反应的异质性、项目参与基于异质性以及项目对经济的一般均衡影响，并通过两个实证研究揭示了标准间的冲突。
This paper considers the merits and limitations of alternative criteria proposed to evaluate social programmes in the modern welfare state and the information required to implement them when individual responses to programmes are heterogeneous. Participation in programmes is based, in part, on this heterogeneity and the programmes have general equilibrium impacts on the economy. Particular attention is devoted to the voting criterion used in modern positive political economy and the ranking of alternative social states based on anonymity postulates. Evidence on heterogeneity is presented. Conflicts among the criteria are revealed in two empirical studies. Partial equilibrium approaches are shown to be misleading.