The Relative Size of Windfall Income and the Permanent Income Hypothesis
利用1972-1973年消费者支出调查数据，按意外收入相对于永久收入的规模分组，发现随着意外收入相对规模增大，边际消费倾向递减，支持了永久收入假说。
A reconciliation is offered for the diverse test results on Friedman's permanent income hypothesis. A large data sample of those receiving windfall income in the Bureau of Labor Statistics' 1972–1973 Consumer Expenditure Survey is divided according to the size of the windfall relative to estimated permanent income. A pattern of a declining marginal propensity to consume windfall income as the relative size of the windfall increases is apparent. These results support the permanent income hypothesis for relatively large windfalls.