Localised technological change: towards the economics of complexity * Cristiano Antonelli
本书回顾了古典经济学家对创新与增长的核心观点，指出主流经济学将技术视为外生因素，并呼吁回归复杂性视角理解技术变革。适合对经济思想史和创新理论感兴趣的学者。
In the writings of several classical economists, innovation and technology are central in explaining growth and development, either explicitly or implicitly. As Cristiano Antonelli explains in this book, Localised Technological Change: Towards the Economics of Complexity, Adam Smith saw the increasing division of labour (process innovation) as one of the main sources of growth. Karl Marx, on the other hand, considered the urge among the Bourgeoisie to accumulate and reinvest as one of the reasons why developed countries achieved such extreme wealth under capitalism. With time however, as mainstream economics incorporated the assumptions behind general equilibrium theory and the tendency to use production functions to describe the productive process, the dynamic perspective of earlier writings was sidestepped and technology became an exogenous factor. Despite the work of some well-known economists such as Alfred Marshall (on industrial districts) or Joseph Schumpeter (on entrepreneurial dynamics), innovation lost its position at the centre of the economic debate for many years.