A Revenue-Function Approach to the Measurement of Output-Substitution Possibilities in Agriculture
用收入函数和利润函数计算农业中产出替代的希克斯弹性和马歇尔弹性，发现短期内改变作物与牲畜产出组合的空间很大。
The purpose of this article is to calculate Hicksian and Marshallian estimates of output-substitution possibilities in an agricultural industry. The Hicksian elasticities or net substitution possibilities are measured within a revenue-maximizing framework holding input levels constant. The Marshallian elasticities that encompass both net substitution and expansion effects are measured within a profit-maximizing framework allowing both output and input levels to vary. The results are empirically reasonable and consistent with the duality theory for revenue and profit maximizing behavior. A notable empirical result is that, in the very short run or market period with input levels held constant, there exists considerable scope for changing the output composition between crops and cattle on cattle farms.