The Poverty Gap in School Spending Following the Introduction of Title I
研究1965年《第一章》法案是否缩小了美国富裕州与贫困州之间生均学校支出的差距，发现短期至中期内有一定效果，但项目规模太小，最多只能缩小15%的差距。
Title I of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act explicitly directed more federal aid for K-12 education to poorer areas for the first time in US history, with a goal of promoting regional convergence in school spending. Using newly collected data, we find some evidence that Title I narrowed the gap in per-pupil school spending between richer and poorer states in the short- to medium-run. However, the program was small relative to then-existing poverty gaps in school spending; even in the absence of crowd-out by local or state governments, the program could have reduced the gap by only 15 percent.