An Experimental Examination of Labor Supply and Work Intensities
通过实验检验了允许工人同时选择工作小时和努力程度的劳动供给模型，发现负替代效应源于在岗和离岗闲暇的替代，对劳动管理和仅关注工时选择的实证研究有启示。
Estimated negative substitution effects on work hours question the empirical validity of the classical labor supply model. Estimates are reconciled by allowing a dual choice of hours and effort for piece-rate workers. In such a model, these negative substitution effects result from substituting on- and off-the-job leisure. We test our model using controlled experimentation on human subjects. These experiments, while not naturally occurring environments, represent real economic choices and can generate data unavailable elsewhere (e.g., effort data). The results support our model, and they have implications both for labor management and for empirical research focusing only on the hours choice. Copyright 1999 by University of Chicago Press.