Health Care Costs: A Moral and Economic Problem
指出医疗保险的激励效应推高了医疗成本，雇主未能让健康计划在价格上竞争，建议采用管理竞争策略来构建高质量且可负担的医疗体系。
Health care costs are rising because of the incentive effects of insurance. These effects were supposed to be corrected by HMOs and Preferred Provider Insurance in which providers of care have incentives to be economical. But employers have not made these health plans compete on price. For example, under the formula used by the University of California for its employee health care, there is no marketplace reward for health plans with premiums below the average to reduce or hold down premiums. In the interests of a high-quality but affordable system of care, the U.C. and all other employers should instead adopt a strategy based on managed competition.