Spatial Price Policies Reconsidered
比较了三种空间定价策略（统一定价、出厂价定价和空间价格歧视）在双寡头模型中的利润、消费者剩余和社会剩余，发现消费者剩余在统一定价下最高，而利润和社会剩余则相反。
The authors provide a comparison of three spatial price policies: uniform pricing, mill pricing, and spatial price discrimination. Profits, consumer surplus, and social surplus are compared in a duopoly model. Until recently, oligopoly analysis has been stalled because of nonexistence of equilibrium. Through the addition of product heterogeneity (using a logit specification), existence can be restored and price policies compared. In contrast to monopoly analysis, consumer surplus is highest under uniform pricing and lowest under mill pricing. Profit and social surplus follow the opposite ranking. Government regulation to encourage mill pricing may therefore benefit firms to the detriment of consumers. Copyright 1989 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.