The Effect of a First Child on Female Labor Supply: Evidence from Women Seeking Fertility Services
利用美国全国家庭增长调查中寻求生育帮助的女性样本，通过比较最终生育与未生育者的劳动供给差异，发现一岁以下第一个孩子使女性就业率降低26个百分点。
Estimating the causal effect of a first child on female labor supply is complicated by the endogeneity of fertility. This paper addresses this problem by focusing on a sample of women from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) who sought help to become pregnant. After a certain period, only some of these women gave birth. Results using this strategy show that having a first child younger than one year old reduces female employment by 26 percentage points. These estimates are close to OLS estimates from census data and to those from OLS and fixed-effects models on NSFG data.