Political Interests and the Emergence of Commercial Banking in Transition Economies*
通过访谈捷克和匈牙利六家大银行的管理者、政府官员和专家，研究政府与银行互动如何基于不同政治意识形态塑造商业银行的兴起，重点分析了坏账处置、银行私有化和服务建立三个问题。
abstract This paper examines how interactions between government agencies and banking organizations led to the emergence of commercial banking in the Czech Republic and Hungary during the 1990s. We rely on interviews with bank managers at six large banks, government officers, and experts at other organizations to learn how actions based on different political ideologies shaped the banking field. We integrate prior research on institutional change, political interest, and transition economies to describe the emergence of commercial banking. Three important problems characterized commercial banking in the two countries: the disposal of bad loans, the privatization of banks, and the establishment of banking services. We argue that the solutions to these problems based on the changing political interests of organizational actors and regulators represent the phases of institutional development in commercial banking during the 1990s. Implications of our research are discussed regarding the political perspective of organizational fields in transition economies.