Firm Size and the Nature of Innovation within Industries: The Case of Process and Product R&D
研究企业规模如何影响研发在工艺创新与产品创新之间的分配，发现工艺创新的回报更依赖企业当前产出，因此大企业更倾向工艺研发。
The effect of firm size on the allocation of R&D effort between process and product innovation is examined. It is hypothesized that, relative to product innovations, process innovations are less saleable in disembodied form and spawn less growth. This implies that the returns to process R&D will depend more on the firm's output at the time it conducts its R&D than the returns to product R&D. Incorporating this distinction in a simple model, the authors derive and test predictions about how the fraction of R&D devoted to process innovation varies with firm size within industries.