The Emergent Organization: Primary and Complex Metaphors in Theorizing about Organizations
论证组织理论中的复杂隐喻由基于身体经验的基本隐喻构成，并可以动态演化，为理解组织的社会建构提供了比传统“根隐喻”更灵活的视角。
We argue that complex metaphors in organization theory are made up of smaller primary metaphors or metaphorical parts that form the atomic components of the molecular structure of complex metaphorical thought. Using examples from organization theory, we demonstrate that (a) complex metaphors are made up of primary metaphors that are often grounded in our embodied experiences as human beings; and that (b) complex metaphors can be dynamically elaborated, extended and reinterpreted in novel ways. Metaphorical thought thus emerges from primary metaphors and evolves over time which is a perspective that is more alive to changes in the social construction of organizations than the traditional view of stable `root' categories of metaphorical thought that pervade organization theory.