Porter's (1980) Generic Strategies and Performance: An Empirical Examination with American Data
使用PIMS数据库中耐用消费品业务单元的数据，通过分类学方法检验波特提出的差异化、成本领先和聚焦三种通用战略是否在实际中规律性地出现。
Porter's (1980) three generic strategies have received a great deal of attention recently in the literature on strategic management. In this, the first of two papers, we employ methods of taxonomy on the PIMS data base of consumer durable business units to determine whether Porter's differentiation, cost leadership and focus types occur with any degree of regularity. Then, in a sequel paper to appear in O.S. we examine whether the types differ among each other and between types not displaying differentiation or cost leadership in their growth and ROI performance.