Age, Trend, and Cohort Effects in a Macro Model of Canadian Expenditure Patterns
构建了一个包含年龄、队列和趋势效应的宏观需求系统，利用加拿大1961-1992年五地区六类支出的时间序列数据估计模型，发现人口和趋势变量对需求弹性和支出份额有重要影响。
A quadratic almost ideal demand system allowing for age, cohort, and trend effects is developed at the macro level. The model is estimated by maximum likelihood, using a three-tier iterative/search method applied to pooled 1961–1992 time series for five regions of Canada and six categories of expenditure. Hypothesis tests indicate support for the model specification. Elasticities are compared with those reported in other studies, with special attention to food. Effects of demographic and trend variables on elasticities and expenditure shares are investigated. An overall conclusion is that such effects can be very important in a macro demand system.