Women's employment patterns during the U.S. inter-war period: A comparison of two states
利用纽约和俄亥俄州的企业数据，分解1920-1930年代经济波动中女性就业变化，发现俄亥俄州大规模生产行业的经济重组导致女性替代男性工人，但两州女性因集中于受大萧条冲击较小的行业而减少了失业。
Establishment data from New York and Ohio, two U.S. states representing mature versus dynamic industrial sectors, are used to decompose changes in women's employment during economic fluctuations in the 1920s and 1930s. By decomposing changes in women's employment, one can distinguish between changes which reflect the gender distribution of employment between various industry categories and changes which reflect employer decisions to mobilize specific groups of workers. The empirical findings suggest that during the inter-war period, economic restructuring in Ohio's mass-production industries resulted in substitution toward women workers. Nevertheless, in both states, working women's segmentation into industries which were less hard hit by the Great Depression confined their employment losses. The results suggest that patterns of gender segmentation which are ordinarily quite rigid may be redefined during the political, social and cultural upheaval that accompanies economic restructuring.