Deregulation as (Welfare Reducing) Trade Reform: the Case of the Australian Wheat Board
以澳大利亚小麦局为例，分析国有贸易企业的排他性权利和目标对贸易和福利的影响，发现放松管制使其从类似出口补贴变为类似出口税，且未必提升福利。
State trading enterprises are distinguishable from private, commercial firms by the nature of their exclusive rights and objectives. Deregulation of the Australian Wheat Board is used to illustrate the effects of these rights and objectives on trade and welfare. Theoretical models are specified and the effects measured through calibrated, partial equilibrium models. It was found that the successive deregulations of the Australian Wheat Board caused it to switch from being equivalent to an export subsidy to, today, being equivalent to an export tax. At the same time, deregulation has not necessarily been welfare enhancing.