Expatriate practices in German, Japanese, U.K., and U.S. multinational companies: A comparative survey of changes
调查了136家来自德国、日本、英国和美国的大型跨国公司的外派管理政策与实践，重点关注人员配置、选拔、培训和成功率，并比较了随时间的变化。
Abstract In this article we present expatriate management policies and practices of 136 large multinational companies (MNCs) based in four different countries: Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The findings we focus on include staffing, selection, training, and success. By analyzing our own results as well as comparing them to previous findings, we examine the changes in expatriate practices over time. In the managerial and research implications sections, we share additional findings and our thoughts about future issues and trends in expatriation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.