The Red Queen Effect: Competitive Actions And Firm Performance
研究了企业间竞争行动的红皇后效应，发现企业行动虽提升自身绩效，但会引发对手更多更快反击，最终损害自身绩效，且该效应受行业背景和市场地位影响。
We investigate the Red Queen effect as a contest of competitive moves or actions among rivalrous firms. The results from a multi-industry study of over 4,700 actions confirms the existence of Red Queen competition, whereby a firm's actions increase performance but also increase the number and speed of rivals' actions, which, in turn, negatively affect the initial firm's performance. We further show that this Red Queen effect depends on industry context and a focal firm's market position.