Measuring Beliefs: Accept no Substitutes
研究检验了管理研究中常用外部特征替代认知基础的假设，发现91名经理的数据显示某些特征与信念相关，但不足以支持替代认知。
Ever since Hambrick and Mason suggested that external individual characteristics can be used as substitutes for individuals' cognitive bases, management researchers have been using these characteristics as proxies for cognition. However, the actual evidence for a relationship between cognitive bases and individual characteristics is equivocal at best. My study of 91 managers showed a relationship between some of the most cited characteristics and beliefs, but I argue that such a finding does not support substituting characteristics for cognition.