Riding the Wave of Trade: The Rise of Labor Regulation in the Golden Age of Globalization
研究发现，1914年之前劳动法规的采纳不仅受国内因素驱动，国际贸易也是重要的扩散途径。市场准入鼓励了法规传播，且贸易类型比贸易量更重要。欧洲核心国家因产业内贸易而模仿伙伴的法规，而新世界因出口差异化产品少，模仿压力较弱。
The received view pins the adoption of labor regulation before 1914 on domestic forces. Using directed dyad-year event history analysis, we find that trade was also a pathway of diffusion. Market access served as an important instrument to encourage the diffusion of labor regulation. The type of trade mattered as much as the volume. In the European core, states emulated the labor regulation of partners because intra-industry trade was important. The New World exported less differentiated products and pressures to imitate were weak.