Drivers of Export Upgrading
利用1992-2006年跨国面板数据，分析资本深化、知识创造、教育研发投资、外商直接投资、进口和制度质量对出口复杂度的影响，发现这些因素促进出口升级，但自然资源的影响复杂且因资源类型而异。
This paper analyses the determinants of export upgrading using a cross-country panel dataset over the 1992–2006 period. The results suggest that the export sophistication of countries is enhanced by capital deepening, engagement in knowledge creation, transfers via investment in education and R&D and foreign direct investment and imports. Institutional quality also facilitates the export upgrading of countries. The effect of natural resources on the structural upgrading of exports appears to be complex and mixed and is dependent upon the type of resources involved. The effects of these determinants vary between low, middle, and high income country groups.