Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology
研究了生物技术行业中组织间协作如何成为创新的关键，指出学习网络比单个组织更能推动创新，对理解知识密集型产业的合作模式有参考价值。
Walter W. Powell, Kenneth W. Koput, Laurel Smith-Doerr, Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 1 (Mar., 1996), pp. 116-145